sunlight readable-Designing and testing robust industrial computing solutions

Amplicon has gaiIP66ned an unrivalled experience over the past 33 years in the design， manufacture and distribution of computer products， systems and solutions for industrial applications。 They have the ability to tailor systems to meet application and environmental requirements across a wide range of industries。 Their equipment would typically be destined for use in factories， transport， warehousing， laboratories and military COTS。 Like all Amplicon products， their industrial computing systems are manufactured under strict quality managementAll in one computer procedures certified to ISO9001:2000。

The first step in designing an industrial computing system is to be aware what product standards and directives have to be met。 Industrial computing products would typically be covered by areas related to safety and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)。 If the product is to be put onto the European Market， it will need to be CE Marked todigital signage indicate that it has complied with all associated directives。

In designing a computing system， there are a numberFanless pc of main building components that influence the look， feel， performance， reliability， repeatability and robustness of the end product。 These include the storage drives (HDD， Solid State， CompactFlash， CD drives and FDD)， Memory， Central Processing Unit (CPU)， processor cooler， Power Supply Unit (PSU) or redundant PSU， Motherboard or Single Board Computer (SBC) andpanel PC Backplane combination， total chassis cooling mechanism and finally the Chassis。

A standard 4U chassis is highly scaleable and its versatility lends itself to many end applications and environments。 Hence， in buildingIndustrial pc a computing system， the industry and application in question have to be taken into consideration。 Different applications may also require different IP ratings and certifications。

For the most extreme conditions and out-of-the-office applications， rugged mobile computer systems provide the ultimate in notebook and tablet computing。 Rugged mobile computers feature protection against dust， debris and water by using the latest materials and sealing techniques。 The rugged mobile computers offered are largely based on Intel´s 855GME chipset。 This highly efficient chipset and associate component subsets， including processor and memory offer the performance to allow efficient fully sealed fanless rugged computers toVideo wall be producedsunlight readable。 Furthermore， flexibletouch screen monitor design techniques allow their rugged mobile computers to support plug-in PCI or ISA expansion cards。 In this design， mobile application processors and associate fanless coolers are used； and for space conservation， a 2。5" HDD is used。 This greatly improves the device shock and vibration tolerance。

For automotive applications， the computing system will be exposed to a lot of vibration and dust； hence it needs to be more robust in itsIndustrial monitor total design。 Any computing device made for use in the automotive industry needs e mark certification。 The recommended design would be an embedded， fanless solution。 Using a fully enclosed device， where the chassis acts as a cooling mechanism for the device

For medical， pharmaceutical and food applications the high tech modular industrial PC design is recommended。 This can be easily configured to meet customer needs by including a touch screen and expansion slots for plug-in boards to further expand the system and provide additional features。 The system can be operated using a touchscreen or via a rugged IP54/65 rated keyboard。 The completely sealed stainless steel housing makes the system meetBox PC the IP specified protection norms and requirements for these industries。

Plastic bearing-Bearings in Our Everyday Lives

Have you ever woslide bearingndered how cars and other motor vehicles run smoothly and quietly? As a child， I have always been in awe of how these powerful machines work。 Later on， I understood that these machines run smoothly with the help of smaller machines called bearings。 Bearings are important to the machines we use everyday， for without them， we would need to frequently replace brokenPlastic bearing machine parts due to the wear and tear of friction。

A bearing is a tool used to reduce the friction that occurs in machines。 Friction is a kind of force which opposes the movement of a surface in sliding or rolling motion over another surface with which it is in contact。 Bearings bear the frictional force which is set up by the moving surface of a machine part。

Bearings are categorized according to how they operate and the motions that they allow。 The two common motions are linear and rotary。 Bearings which allow linear motions are called linear bearings。 These bearings allow motion in a straight line。 An example of linear motion is the pulling and pushing of a drawer。 Rotary motions， on the other hand， involve one direction rotation and oscillation， wherein the motion goes only through a part of a cycle， such as in the case of a wheel。 Rotary bearings， therefore， allow motions which are concentrated on a center， like a wheel on a shaft。

Many applications use rotary bearings such as machine shafts， vehicle axles， and clock parts。 The sleeve bearing， a simple cylinder which is inserted between the wheel and its axle， is the most basic rotary bearing。 The roller bearing followed， wherein the sleeve is replaced by a number of cylindrical rollers， each behaving as a single wheel。

The operation of bearings includes six common principles。 Sliding bearings are usually called "bushings"， "journal bearings"， "sleeve bearings"， or "plain bearings"。 Rolling-element bearings include ball and roller bearings。 Jewel bearings allow its load to be carried by an axle， which is rolled off-center。 Fluid bearings， on the other hand， allow its load to be carried by a liquid or gas。 In magnetic bearings， a magnetic field carries the load。 In flexure bearings， the motion is given off by a load element which bends。

Bearings are said to have existed since the ancient times when Egyptian pharaohs started building and constructing their well know Pyramids of Giza。 An initial type of linear bearing was used in Egypt to transport construction materials。 These materials included large boulders and stones which were difficult to move and carry to the construction site。 The arrangement of tree trunks under a sled helped transport bulky materials from one place to another。 This principle serves as the basis of modern linear bearings。

An early model of the wooden ball bearing was used to support a rotating table。 This was found from the remains of a Roman shipwreck。 Leonardo Da Vinci was also said to have described a type of ball bearing during his time。 But Galileo described the caged ball bearing in the 1600s， but it was only in 1794 that bearings were mounted as a set when Philip Vaughan got the first patent for a ball bearing。 In 1907， the contemporary design of self-aligning ball bearings was manufactured by Sven Wingquist。

powder metal-Metal Forming

Over the years， powder metalpeople have discovered and learned new things to make things much simpler to do。 Processes such as metal forming used to be quite difficult to accomplish because of the very limited knowledge and equipment available to them。 Fortunately， all the hard workpowder metal and perseverance of man paid off， thanks to their never ending craving for knowledge and information。

Nowadays， we see a lot of materials and goods made out of metals。 The Iron Age period was like the catalyst that led us to what we are now。 The prehistoric men´s use of steel and iron as weapons and tools served as the foundation to the more complex and multifaceted process that we now call metal forming。

Metal forming refers to any process that involves molding or shaping a certain type of metal into a desired form。 Forming is classified into five groups。 First， there is mechanical working， which is the most common among the five。 This includes processes like drawing， forging， rolling， extrusion and many more。 The other categories are casting， electroforming， fiber and forming and joining。

In metal forming， there are several kinds of equipment used。 Remember that it is a process that reshapes a metal。 So a tool that is sturdy and durable enough to be able to create enough force to cause a change in the form of the metal is needed。

One of the most commonly used is the metal-folding machine。 It is easier to handle compared to the others。 You， being the operator， need not exert too much effort in order to makesintered metal it work。 The machine is efficient enough and is safe to use。

Another metal forming equipment is called a roll-bending machine。 This machine has between two and four rolls that rotate next to each other。 When a metal is inserted between the rollers， the metal is bent into either cylindrical segments， elliptical segments， cones or just flattened surfaces。

An angle-bending machine is more focused in creating finished products that are structural-shaped like beams，sintered metal square tubes， aluminum extrusions and channels。 It comes in three-roll single or double pinch types， four roll types， horizontal roll types， and more。

車床-數控銑床的設計理念及其性能特點

　　數控銑床的發展以及新的設計理頂針念引領著現代加工的潮流，以高速加工爲理念的無镗軸滑枕式、多種銑頭交換使用的結構型式盡顯風采，大有替代傳統銑削加工的趨勢。以兩坐標擺角銑頭爲代表的各種銑頭附件成爲實現高速、高效複合加工的主要手段，其工藝性能更廣，功率更大，剛性更強。

　　數控銑床主要性能特點：
　　
　　1、主銑頭采用滑CNC車床枕—減速箱分離式設計，使銑鎢鋼頭精度得以提高，減速箱內采用兩檔齒輪自動變速機構，以獲得低速大扭矩和高速恒功率，可同時滿足粗加工和精加工的工藝要求。
　　
　　2、中古機械高精度主軸組合軸承，保證了主銑頭的高性能、高精度。滑枕銑頭還采銑刀用液壓油缸進行平衡，運動平穩。
　　
　　3、三軸傳動均采用進口高精密級預CNC銑床載滾珠絲杠或雙齒輪—齒條無間隙傳動，從而確保傳動精度。
　　
　　4、三軸反饋采車床用光電編碼器實現半閉環位置反饋，也可根據用戶要求，采用光柵尺實現全閉環位置反饋。

台北防漏工程-夏季廚房防漏知識

夏季無疑是暴雨的高發期，所以天氣台北防水工程也是變化多端，有時陽光明媚，有時傾盆大雨。暴雨對街道的排水無疑會造成很大的壓力，而對原有的防水性能不好的居室而言更是一種破壞，也許就會出現室外下大雨，屋內下小雨的情景。所以要徹底的擺脫家居漏水問題，首先就要清楚漏水的原因，才能除根。下面就爲大家介紹夏季廚房防漏知識。

一、廚房漏水情景重現

工作回到家，正准備做飯時，可是剛洗著菜，你就發現地板有一灘水從櫥櫃流出來，打開櫥櫃，才看到木板因長期泡水已經開始腐爛發臭，頓時做什麽大餐的心情都沒有了！

二、廚房漏水原因分析

1、裝修後期往廚房牆面安裝廚衛挂件、吊櫃等涉及打孔的情況很多，如果不清楚以前預埋的管道位置，在廚房的台北防漏牆壁上亂打一氣，很容易打漏水管，造台北防漏工程成漏水事故。

2、還有一種情況是水池與下水管之間因爲連接不可靠，稍有下垂就造成直角管與主管之間連接處受外力，施膠不飽滿就會産生脫膠裂縫，漏水就在所難免。

三、廚房漏水解決辦法

1、在做水路的改造時，台北防水要先請水工將改造圖詳細的畫出來，並且標明冷熱水的位置，方便日後作爲參考。鋪設瓷磚前可以讓請工人在台北抓漏工程准備打眼的位置上做上標記，日後安裝時避開這些危險位置。

2、水池最好是安裝在排水立管周圍，這樣支管采用板上台北抓漏排水，排水支管的高度以地面高于0。2米爲宜，不僅可以避免排水過分集中，連接處受力過大産生裂縫。

科技心醫師情-婚姻中的8大險情 你如何機智果斷處理

險情1　　親熱之後，科技心醫師情他突然說：“你的小肚子越來越大了，應該減減肥啦。”然後開始挑剔你的內衣樣式過時或顔色暗淡，對你的身材和長相也頗有微詞。

　　排險策略：這表明他的內心深處開始有“風吹草動”了。你要進入他的社交圈，看清他周圍的“花蝴蝶”，知己知彼，才能百戰不殆。

險情2

　　他說他感冒了，怕傳染給你，想睡在書房。而在過去，他患流感時也沒有如此“體貼”。後來，等他病好了，又突然嫌床太小或嫌兩人睡在一條被子裏太擠……總之就是不想和你睡在一起。

　　排險策略：也許，他只是看了雜志上提倡新型夫妻關系的文章産生了新的想法。但你可以說“我習慣跟你一起睡”，千萬別錯誤地邁出同意他單睡的第一步。

險情3

　　他過去喜歡穿寬松的內褲，現在突然自己偷偷去買舒適的萊卡棉緊身三角褲。

　　排險策略：一個男人突然變得講究起來，尤其是講究內衣質量時，妻子應該多留個心眼兒，你要反思自己最近有沒有因爲工作或其他原因而冷落了他。千萬不要因此而大吵大鬧，這樣只會使戰火升級。

險情4

　　一上床，他就顯得疲憊不堪，無論跟你說話還是做愛，都是草草了事，連擁抱都懶得給你一個。

　　排險策略：最近他可能太累了，身體和心理壓力都很大，對性事有些厭倦。這時你要做的事就是告訴他：“我知道你太累了，爲這個家付出太多。”“你閉上眼睛吧，我給你做做眼保健操。”無論他心裏有什麽事情，關懷都是讓夫妻感情更親密的捷徑。

險情5

　　他在性生活後吸煙或者立刻翻身下床，看也不婚友社看你一眼，直接去衛生間洗澡。

　　排險策略：男人這樣做的時候，自己並沒有覺得有何不妥，但女人會覺得他特別不尊重自己，仿佛自己是他的一劑調味品，需要時溫柔體貼，不需要時扭身就走。對此，你完全可以這樣做——幫他倒一杯咖啡或者果汁，犒勞他剛才賣力的表現。

險情6

　　他忽然要求你變換一種新的姿勢來迎接他，而你卻覺得那樣做很難爲情。

　　排險策略：男人都喜歡嘗試，他很可能是從什麽地方得到了某種啓迪，希望和你共同享受。所以，你的丈夫想和你探索一種新方式，你可以要求他先和你科技心醫師情商量，並且事先說清楚具體的方法，讓你有足夠的心理准備。

險情7

　　早晨醒來時，你想給他一個親吻，他卻掉頭躲開了。

　　排險策略：換位想想，他如果清晨醒來，眼角布滿眼屎，嘴裏呼出不清新的氣味，用這副不雅的形象向你尋歡，你會不會掉頭躲開-不管男人女人，都渴望每天的性生活是清新甜蜜的。也許，注意自己的形象是你保持激情性愛的第一步。

險情8

　　你想和他尋歡的時候，他卻像個木頭人一樣，不解風情，害得你白白浪費了熱情。

科技心醫師情　　排險策略：當你想和他行雲雨之歡時，肢體語言是最好的表達方式。夫妻之間是有默契的，你的一個動作、一個眼神足以傳達你對他的期待。

電鍍-鋁合金壓鑄件五種表面處理方法

1、鋁材磷化鋁表面處理 通過采用SEM，XRD、電位一時間曲線、膜重變化等方法詳細研究了促進劑、氟化物、Mn2+，Ni2+，Zn2+，PO4；和Fe2+等對鋁材磷化過程的影響。研究表明:硝酸胍具有水溶性好，用量低，快速成膜的特點，是鋁材磷化的有效促進劑:氟化物可促進成膜，增加膜重，細化晶粒；Mn2+，Ni2+，能明顯細化晶粒，使磷化膜均勻、致密並可以改善磷化膜外觀；Zn2+濃度較低時，不能陽極處理成膜或成膜差，隨著Zn2+濃度增加，膜重增加；PO4含量對磷化膜重影響較大，提高PO4發色處理。含量使磷化膜重增加。

2、鋁的堿性電解抛光工藝

進行了堿性抛光溶液體系的研究，比較了緩蝕劑、粘度劑等對抛光效果的影響，成功獲得了抛光效果很好的堿性溶液體系，並首次得到了能降低操作溫度、延長溶液使用壽命、同時還能改善抛光效果的添加劑。實驗結果表明:在NaOH溶液中加入適當添加劑能産生好的抛光效果。

探索性實驗還發現:用葡萄糖的NaOH溶液在某些條件下進行直流恒壓電解抛光後，鋁材硬陽處理表面反射率可以達到90%，但由于實驗還存在不穩定因素，有待進一步研究。探索了采用直流脈沖電解抛光法在堿性條件下抛光鋁材的可行性，結果表明:采用脈沖電解抛光法可以達到直流恒壓電解抛光的整平效果，但其整平速度較慢。

3、鋁及鋁合金環保型化學抛光

確定開發以磷酸一硫酸爲基液的環保型化學抛光新技術，該技術要實現NOx的零排放且克服以往類似技術存在的質量缺陷。新技術的關鍵是在基液中添加一些具有特殊作用電鍍的化合物來替代硝酸。爲此首先需要對鋁的三酸化學抛光過程進行分析，尤其要重點研究硝酸的作用。硝酸在鋁化學抛光中的主要作用是抑制點腐蝕，提高抛光亮度。結合在單純磷酸一硫酸中的化學抛光試驗，認爲在磷酸一硫酸中添加的特殊物質應能夠抑制點腐蝕、減緩全面腐蝕，同時必須具有較好的整平和光亮效果

4、鋁及其合金的電化學表面強化處理

鋁及其合金在中性體系中陽極氧化沈積形成類陶瓷非晶態複合轉化膜的工藝、性能、形貌、成分和結構，初步探討了膜層的成膜過程和機理。

工藝研究結果表明，在Na_2WO_4中性混合體系中，控制成膜促進劑濃度爲2。5～3。0g/l，

絡合成膜劑濃度爲1。5～3。0g/l，Na_2WO_4濃度爲0。5～0。8g/l，峰值電流密度爲6～12A/dm2， 弱攪拌，可以獲得完整均勻、光澤性好的灰色系列無機非金屬膜層。該膜層厚度爲 5～10μm，顯微硬度爲300～540HV，耐蝕性優異。該中性體系對鋁合金有較好的適應性，防鏽鋁、鍛鋁等多種系列鋁合金上都能較好地成膜。

5、YL112鋁合金表面處理工藝技術

YL112鋁合金廣泛應用于汽車、摩托車的結構件。該材料在應用前需要進行表面處理，以提高其抗腐蝕性能，並形成一層容易與有機塗層結合的表面層，以利于隨後的表面。

鋁材-鋁合金輪毂的優點

1、省油　　台中鋁擠型均勻每個鋁合鋁合金材料金輪毂比一樣尺度的鋼輪毂輕2kg，一台轎車用5個便省了不起10kg分量。依據日本實驗，5座的轎車分量每鋁管 減輕1kg，一年約或節約20L汽油。而美國轎車工程師學會宣布的研究報告指出，鋁合金輪毂雖然比通常鋼輪鋁擠型工廠毂貴，但每輛轎車跑到2萬km時，其所節約的燃 料費便足吣抵回本錢。

　　2、添加發動機壽數

　　依據發動機負荷與功鋁條率曲線圖，當負荷增大至某一程度後，其功率反呈下降，此邊際將就表明此刻每1單位負荷，發動機將更費勁(格外耗油)，發動機負荷減輕，天然減少故障，延伸壽數。

　　3、散熱好

　　鋁合金的熱傳導系數爲鋼的3倍。散熱作用好，遠程高速行駛之時，也能使輪胎保持在恰當的溫度，使刹車鼓及輪胎不易老化，添加壽數，下降爆胎的時機。

　　4、真圓度好

　　精度高達0。05mm，工作平衡功能佳，有利于消除通常車身超長及方向盤顫動表象。

　　5、堅固耐用

　　鋁合金輪毂之耐沖擊力、抗張力及熱力等各項強度較鋼輪毂要高。這也是鋁鋁擠型合金在國防工業、航空工業扮演重鋁棒要的人物原因之一。

　　6、美觀

　　通常鋼輪毂因生産所限，形式單調板滯，缺乏改變；鋁合金輪毂則有林林總總的規劃，加上光澤、色彩鋁材批發作用好鋁材，然後提高了轎車的價值與美感。